Pap test: how often, what it feels like, and how to prepare

How often you need one

In Ontario, routine cervical screening generally starts at age 25 for anyone with a cervix who has ever been sexually active, and repeats every three years when results are normal. Screening usually continues to age 70 if your history has been normal.

Your physician may recommend screening more often if you have had abnormal results, an abnormal HPV test, a weakened immune system, or certain in-utero exposures. Ontario is moving toward HPV-based screening, which may change your interval — your physician will tell you what applies to you.

How to prepare

• Book for a time when you are not on your period, if possible
• Avoid vaginal creams, medications or douching for two days before
• Wear something that makes undressing from the waist down easy
• Ask for a female physician or a chaperone if it helps you feel comfortable
• Tell the clinic if past exams have been painful — a smaller speculum can be used

What the test feels like

You lie back with your knees bent. A speculum is inserted to see the cervix, and a soft brush collects a sample of cells. Most people describe pressure and a brief scrape rather than pain. The collection itself takes under a minute.

Spotting for a day afterwards is normal. There are no restrictions after the test.

Understanding results

Most results are normal, and you simply return at your next interval. An abnormal result does not mean cancer — it usually means cell changes, most of which resolve on their own. Depending on the result, you may be asked to repeat the test sooner or be referred for colposcopy, a closer look at the cervix with a magnifying scope.

Ask your clinic how they communicate results, and follow up if you have heard nothing after four weeks.

Common questions